高压氧，有望成为抑郁症治愈新通路！

高压氧，有望成为抑郁症治愈新通路！

　　注：以下内容、数据摘自高压氧科普文献

　　世界卫生组织(WHO)统计，全球约10亿人正在遭受精神障碍困扰，每40秒就有一人因自杀而失去生命，低收入和中等收入国家的自杀人数占全球自杀人数的77%。

　　抑郁症(Depression)，又称抑郁障碍，是一种常见的、多发的精神障碍。目前在全球范围内，抑郁症的患病率与发病率极速攀升。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计，全世界有超过3.22亿人受到抑郁症影响，预计在2030年其将上升到世界疾病负担首位。

　　抑郁症的主要特征是持续的心境低落，对先前感到喜爱的事物缺乏兴趣或快感缺失，它还会干扰睡眠和食欲。病情严重的患者甚至会出现悲观厌世、幻觉、自杀等行为。

　　该病发病率和复发率均较高，临床治疗难度大。抑郁症的发病机制至今尚未完全阐明，较为成熟的理论涉及递质与受体、内分泌、应激、免疫、脑代谢等方面。由于心智不成熟，很多孩子没办法承受生活和学习上过大的压力，这就很容易导致抑郁。同时，无论是生活还是学习环境中，“竞争”这个词汇，高频率地出现在孩子世界里。焦虑的家长，竞争的社会，也是孩子出现抑郁的重要原因。

　　据儿童与青少年健康数据资源中心提供的资料，每7个儿童里就有1个患有精神、行为或发育障碍。更糟糕的是，这些障碍会在家长不知不觉的情况下演变成抑郁症，也就是说，很可能一个十几岁的孩子，已经是长期抑郁症的患者了。

　　新冠疫情后，全球精神障碍疾病负担更加沉重，重度抑郁症和焦虑症的病例分别增加了28%和26%，抑郁症患者激增5300万，增幅高达27.6%。疫情的压力，给抑郁症的诊断及治疗带来了更大的挑战。

　　抑郁症的症状多种多样，包括持续的情绪低落、兴趣丧失、睡眠和食欲紊乱、疲劳、自责、集中注意力困难以及极端情况下的自杀倾向等。这些症状会严重影响患者的日常生活、工作和人际关系。患者可能会因抑郁症导致的功能障碍而陷入更深的困境。

　　抑郁症的治愈难题

　　在抑郁症的治疗阶段中，往往面临着病症难以量化的问题，在抑郁情绪演化成抑郁症状前，缺乏系统性的检查意识。在已经确诊抑郁症的人群中，难以平衡药物作用和治疗方法，还有一些外源性抑郁症和内源性抑郁症难以区别等问题。

　　一方面，大多数的抑郁症患者都有或轻或重的病耻感，抑郁症本身会导致他们的思维充斥着无助和绝望，最明显的就是感觉自己做什么都做不了，进而拒绝系统化的诊断和治疗，多数想要通过自己调节来达成治疗效果，结果显然是失败，最终恶性循环，愈演愈烈。

　　另一方面，国内目前的抑郁症治疗费用偏高，在不考虑心理治疗的患者中，害怕费用高的患者达到了52.9%。

　　

 

　　这也导致了在我国，抑郁症的就诊率和治疗率都非常的低。在发达的国家大约有80%的抑郁症得到诊断和治疗，而在我们国家只有20%到30%的抑郁症得到诊断和治疗。在每百万人口可提供的心理咨询占比中，我国还处在一个极低的基数中。

　　高压氧疗，有望成为抑郁症治愈的新通路

　　在科技的不断进步突破下，对于抑郁症的治疗方法也在不断变化，除了心理疗法、药物疗法、物理疗法之外，高压氧疗法也被证实为有效的方法。

　　2019年，美国哈佛大学医学院教授William G. Kaelin Jr.、英国牛津大学教授Peter J. Ratcliffe爵士、美国约翰霍普金斯大学教授Gregg L. Semenza因发现"氧感知通路"而获奖诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

　　

 

　　Gregg L. Semenza教授提到“交感神经的持续过度兴奋会使你的呼吸越来越急促和短促，你能够吸入的氧气会越来越少，你体内的细胞会长期处于不同程度的缺氧状态。细胞缺氧是焦虑和抑郁的很大一个原因。”

　　这意味着，无论是抑郁情绪产生时，避免恶化为抑郁症，还是抑郁症的治疗阶段中，高压氧都是一大利器。

　　而实际案例中也对这一疗法进行了证实：在一组脑卒中后抑郁症实验中，表明抑郁症状及认知功能得到了显著改善。结论高压氧舱治疗抑郁能够提高临床疗效，改善患者的认知功能，且安全性高，应在临床进一步推广使用。

　　高压氧舱疗法还可用于对现有治疗方法的补充，在一项国内的学术调研中，选择80例伴有睡眠障碍的抑郁症患者，随机分为对照组和观察组，每组40例，两组患者均给予药物治疗，观察组另行高压氧治疗，疗程4周。比较两组患者治疗效果，结论药物联合高压氧治疗郁症性睡眠障碍起效快，睡眠障碍的症状改善明显，二者联合应用表现出良好的治疗效果，不良反应发生率减低

　　同时，由于民用高压氧舱基本上没有副作用的特性，适用于任何阶段的抑郁症人群，家用高压氧舱也逐渐出现在人们的视野中。据悉，欧美流行歌手贾斯汀·比伯也曾公开表示给自己购置了两台家用高压氧舱以治疗抑郁症。

　　

 

　　高压氧治疗其实是在机体高于一个大气压的环境下，吸入纯氧或者是高浓度氧的治疗方法，提高体内的血氧分压，氧浓度。在这个过程当中，增加氧在体内的弥散距离，改善微循环的缺氧的状态，更多的纠正体内缺氧，或者由缺氧带来的一系列的病理改变。

　　同时，对比药物治疗和物理治疗方法，高压氧还有着低副作用、性价比更高、治疗周期更短的优势。

　　1较小的副作用

　　与传统药物治疗相比，高压氧治疗在很多情况下被认为具有较少的副作用。抗抑郁药物可能导致一些不良反应，如失眠、恶心、头痛、性功能障碍等，而高压氧治疗通常具有更好的耐受性。

　　2有效期更早

　　一些初步研究表明，高压氧治疗在短期内可能对抑郁症状产生改善作用。相比之下，抗抑郁药物通常需要数周才能见效。

　　3综合治疗

　　高压氧治疗可能作为综合治疗的一部分，与药物治疗和心理治疗等传统疗法并不冲动，而是相辅相成，提高抑郁症的治疗效果。

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